How can we help our chickens during heat waves?

Chicken during heat

Quand l’été se pointe, les chaleurs accablantes peuvent être fatales pour vos poules.

Lorsque les poules et poulets ont chaud, ils commencent à haleter et cela provoque une réaction : un halètement excessif entraîne un déséquilibre du pH. Ce déséquilibre du pH peut provoquer des maladies et même la mort.

La meilleure façon de gérer le stress thermique est de faire tout ce que vous pouvez pour le prévenir, de surveiller les signes et les symptômes et d’utiliser toutes les ressources disponibles si vous remarquez que vos poules et poulets présentent des signes de surchauffe.

Ces moyens comprennent l’ombre, une grande quantité d’eau froide et le moins de stress possible. Faites en sorte que vos poules et poulets restent calmes dans la mesure du possible.

Les températures comprises entre 10 et 24 degrés C sont optimales pour les poules. Toute température supérieure, surtout si elle est associée à un taux d’humidité élevé, commence à causer du stress à leur organisme.  Cela indique que leur sang se dirige vers leurs extrémités, et ce flux sanguin supplémentaire vers leurs crêtes, leurs caroncules et leur peau, alors qu’ils luttent pour rester au frais, réduit le flux vers leurs organes vitaux. Cela peut entraîner d’autres modifications préjudiciables de leurs fonctions corporelles.

Acidose et alcalose chez les poulets
L’acidose et l’alcalose respiratoires sont deux affections potentiellement dangereuses, voire mortelles, qui peuvent être provoquées par le stress thermique chez les poules et poulets. Il est donc impératif de faire tout ce qui est en votre pouvoir pour garder votre troupeau de basse-cour au frais en été.

Hen's Spa

When summer rolls around, the oppressive heat can be fatal for your chickens.

When hens and chickens get hot, they start panting and this causes a reaction: excessive panting leads to pH imbalance. This pH imbalance can lead to illness and even death.

The best way to manage heat stress is to do everything you can to prevent it, watch for signs and symptoms, and use all available resources if you notice your chickens showing signs of overheating.

These resources include shade, plenty of cold water and as little stress as possible. Keep your hens and chickens as calm as possible.

Temperatures between 10 and 24 degrees C are optimal for chickens. Any temperature above this, especially if combined with high humidity, starts to cause stress to their bodies.  This indicates that their blood is going to their extremities, and this extra blood flow to their crests, wattles and skin, as they struggle to stay cool, reduces the flow to their vital organs. This can lead to other detrimental changes in their bodily functions.

Acidosis and alkalosis in chickens

Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis are two potentially dangerous, even fatal, conditions that can be caused by heat stress in chickens. So it’s imperative that you do everything in your power to keep your backyard flock cool in summer.

In this article, I’ll try to explain as simply as possible the main concepts of thermoregulation in poultry and the precautions to take during extreme heat.

First, what is thermoregulation?

Thermoregulation is the mechanism by which an organism (or system) maintains a constant temperature. It is the result of heat production and heat loss. In both humans and horses, we have sweat glands that enable us to evacuate excess heat through perspiration. Perspiration enables us to lower our body temperature. In poultry, thermoregulation works in a completely different way to humans. Since birds don’t have sweat glands, they can’t perspire through their skin.

Their only mechanism for evaporating excess heat is through the respiratory sacs.

Young hens, for example, in the middle of a 33°C* heatwave can lose 60% of their internal heat through evaporation from the lungs. That’s why you’ll notice them increasing their respiratory rate and panting with their beaks open. Breathing rate increases from 20 to 240 breaths per minute. The higher the humidity in the air, the more difficult it is for your hens to evacuate their excess heat.

 

groupe de poules

L’acidose respiratoire se produit généralement lorsque les poulets sont exposés à des températures élevées pendant de longues périodes sans être soulagés. Cependant, l’acidose et l’incapacité à respirer correctement peuvent avoir d’autres causes profondes. 

Ce déséquilibre du pH dans l’organisme peut produire des symptômes tels que :

-Essoufflement
-Crête violacé
-Ailes tombantes
-Apparence ébouriffée ou décoiffée
-Diminution de l’appétit
-Diminution de la consommation de liquides
-Faiblesse des muscles de la poitrine
-Confusion
-Fatigue et léthargie
-Faiblesse générale et mauvais état de santé général-

poules ombre chaleur

At 34*C and a relative humidity (RH) of 40% poultry can lose 80% of their total heat through evaporation.

At 34*C and a relative humidity (RH) of 50% the hens can lose only 50% of their heat. At 34*C and 100% RH, they will not be able to evacuate their excess heat and will die from heat stroke. It becomes important to help the hens in these circumstances to reduce their internal heat.

The normal internal heat of hens is higher than that of humans. At one day of life, the chicks have a temperature of 38*-39*C it increases gradually to stabilize around 40,5*C- 41,5*C around 21 days. Chickens have a warm body and once all the plumage is in place, they are more comfortable in a cool environment.

The power supply provides them with good energy for their maintenance and production, but also for the supply of heat. Thus, in winter, they will eat a little more and snacks and table scraps will be welcome.

The chickenss’ plumage provides protection against heat loss and insulates them from very cold temperatures. As long as the plumage is kept dry and sheltered from the wind, hens from cold-resistant breeds do not need any heat input during the winter.

There are indeed more than 43 species of hens resistant to extreme cold such as Jersey Giant, Orpington, Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island Red, Sussex, Wyandotte, Chantecler, Brahma to name a few.

The mechanisms that govern heat exchange are as follows:

  • By conduction: by heat transfer via infrared photons. Any body that is warmer than the objects around it gives off heat like a radiator. Therefore, in a cool environment, the body will radiate heat. Chickens will use the contact of their chest, legs, litter as a conductor;
  • By convection: with their feathers and down, they keep the warm air between their feathers;
  • By radiation: towards the walls, near the litter box;
  • By respiratory evaporation of water;
  • By excretion of faecal matter;

The respiratory system of hens is complex. But in short, they have air sacs attached to the lungs that act as a heat reservoir. When your chickens get too hot, they tend to stretch their feathers to keep the internal heat away from their bodies, they will stop eating and drink more water. They will be more lethargic and may even have convulsions. At this stage, it is important to restore electrolytes to their system.

chicknvitamins

You will also want to avoid giving apple cider vinegar in their water during very hot weather, as the vinegar that acidifies the water could affect their ability to digest their grains and increase internal heat. On the other hand, a little baking soda in the feeds facilitates the absorption of calcium. A multi vitamins could be offered to make sure they have all the nutrients they need since they often eat less during very hot weather.

Here’s a homemade recipe you can use if your chickens are dehydrated. Do not give this solution to healthy chickens that do not suffer from heat stress.

For 4 liters of cold water: mix

1 tsp. baking soda

½ tsp. potassium chloride (optional) (Morton salt substitute; available in grocery stores near spices)

1 tablespoon of salt

1 tablespoon sucrose (sugar)

If ever a long period of intense heat persists with a heat wave, observe your chickens: if they become lethargic, pale comb, stretch their feathers and discharge liquid poop, always have a bucket of fresh water in hand near the hen house so that you can quickly immerse a chicken in distress or unconscious up to the neck to reduce its internal temperature. Otherwise, keep the chickens dry. Do not use mister, or water sprays on them. They do not take water baths like some birds.

ChickNBreath

Ajoutez de la glace et des fruits à de l’eau fraîche plusieurs fois par jour, assurez-vous qu’elles puissent avoir de l’ombre, une brise avec un ventilateur pourrait être ajoutée.  Un parasol près du poulailler pour augmenter l’ombre.  Assurez des bains de terre frais.  Si votre poulailler absorbe beaucoup de chaleur par le toit, arrosez-le afin de réduire sa température­.  Ajoutez des ( cold packs) dans l’eau et changez-les souvent! Offrez des friandises gelées, des électrolytes dans l’eau.  Nettoyez et enlevez les fientes sur le pourtour qui attirent les mouches et munissez-vous de pièges à  mouches.  Offrez un produit à base d’huiles essentielles réputés ayant des propriétés connus pour réduire le stress de chaleur tel que Chick’N Gut ou Chick’ N Breath.

Recommandé pour les poules pondeuses et les poulets

  Améliore le bien-être des oiseaux en période de chaleur

  Fournit des antioxydants

  Favorise la consommation d’eau

  Facilite l’introduction de nouvelles poules dans le poulailler

  Atténue le picage

 Propriétés reconnues

  •       Antioxydant
  •       Antipyrétique
  •       Anxiolytique
  •       Digestive

En espérant que ces quelques trucs vous donneront un petit coup de main!

Je vous souhaite un bel été avec vos poules en bonne santé!

 

Les produits Chick’N Swell: Disponible chez les détaillants participants et Amazon.  Consultez la carte des magasins sur le site de chicknswell.ca  Demandez à votre magasin agricole local si les produits de la gamme Chick’N Swell sont disponibles.

Formulé pour réduire le stress oxydatif.

Pour promouvoir un comportement normal et calme durant les périodes de stress dû à la chaleur.

  • Améliore le bien-être des oiseaux en période de chaleur
  • Fournit des antioxydants
  • Favorise la consommation d’eau
  • Facilite l’introduction de nouvelles poules dans le poulailler
  • Atténue le picage

Propriétés reconnues

  • Antioxydant
  • Antipyrétique
  • Anxiolytique
  • Digestive

En espérant que ces quelques trucs vous donneront un petit coup de main!

Je vous souhaite un bel été avec vos poules en bonne santé!

 

Canada all products
Louise Arbour avec ses poules

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